What is Variable and How to create a Variable in Apex?

What is Variable and How to create a Variable 

in Apex?

The variable is the basic unit of storage in any programming language. A variable is defined by the combination of an identifier, a type, and an optional initializer. In addition, all variables have a scope, which defines their visibility, and a lifetime.

Declaring a Variable :- In Apex all variables must be declared before they can be used. The basic form of a variable. declaration is shown here:

type identifier [ = value][, identifier [= value] ...] ;

Integer i = 0;

String str;

Account a;

Account[] accts;

Set<String> s;

Map<ID, Account> m;

All variables allow null as a value and are initialized to null if they are not assigned another value. For instance, in the following example, i, and k are assigned values, while j is set to null because it is not assigned:

Integer i = 0, j, k = 1;

Variables can be defined at any point in a block, and take on scope from that point forward. Sub-blocks cannot redefine a variable name that has already been used in a parent block, but parallel blocks can reuse a variable name. For example:

Integer i;

{

 // Integer i; This declaration is not allowed

}

for (Integer j = 0; j < 10; j++);

for (Integer j = 0; j < 10; j++);

Case Sensitivity :-To avoid confusion with case-insensitive SOQL and SOSL queries, Apex is also case-insensitive. This means:

Variable and method names are case insensitive. For example:

Integer I;

//Integer i; This would be an error.

• References to object and field names are case insensitive. For example:

Account a1;

ACCOUNT a2;

• SOQL and SOSL statements are case insensitive. For example:

Account[] accts = [sELect ID From ACCouNT where nAme = 'fred'];

Constants :- Constants can be defined using the final keyword, which means that the variable can be assigned at most once, either in the declaration itself, or with a static initializer method if the constant is defined in a class. For example:

public class myCls {

  static final Integer PRIVATE_INT_CONST;

  static final Integer PRIVATE_INT_CONST2 = 200;

  public static Integer calculate() {

    return 2 + 7;

  }

  static {

   PRIVATE_INT_CONST = calculate();

  }

}

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